It is important to remember that we all have our own personality styles and personal comfort levels when it comes to intervention. I do not think thats a good idea.. What are the 4 Ds of being an active bystander? The very nature of being a bystander means that you don't have to get involved at all. document.getElementById('confirmform2').setAttribute("style", " display: block;") https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838011426015. Assess your own safety prior torecording. An upstander is a bystander who recognizes acts or utterances of injustice and takes a stand by interrupting and challenging situations that normalize discrimination and potential violence. "fire!" Haynes-Baratz, M. C., Bond, M. A., Allen, C. T., Li, Y. L., & Metinyurt, T. (2021). Being targeted with harassment because of your race, sex, religion, color, gender, size, orientation, disability, age, or origin is demoralizing and can impact our lives in many ways. Calm: Always stay calm and try to calm others. Bystander intervention strategies help you to recognize and respond safely to a situation that is potentially hostile or to a behavior that may be harassing so that the situation does not get worse. There are contradictory accounts related to the number of folks who saw the attack, as well as mentions of folks who intervened but were not successful in their interventions. Two psychologists, Bibb Latane and John Darley (1968), wanted to explain thephenomenon they called. As brieflyexplained in the first process, What is my relationship to theperson being impacted?, Some people may not becomfortable or feel safe with theintervention of law enforcement. -randomly determined if: violent lovers' quarrel (used names) or stranger assault (did not use name, "I don't know you!") Bystander intervention strategies help you to recognize and respond safely to a situation that is potentially hostile or to a behavior that may be harassing so that the situation does not get worse. By the time the police were called it was too late. The 3 "D"s of Bystander Invention Remember the 3 "D"s in your role as an active bystander: Direct: Give commands or orders. An active bystander is someone who has the moral courage to find a way to safely intervene to stop a potentially dangerous situation. Share this: Rise Above the Pack 2020. Gaffer | Sam Heesen Before jumping into a potentially dangerous situation, be smart and think about your own safety. As a bystander, you can be an ally for others and provide support. Henson, B., Fisher, B. S., & Reyns, B. W. (2020). Participants were either alone, with a few other participants who were not, Once a situation has been noticed, abystander may be encouraged tointervene if they interpret it as anemergency. In a previous survey, of the four percent of Junior Enlisted respondents who observed a high risk situation that they believed was or could have led to sexual assault, 86 percent intervened.*. Overall, the study found that the larger thegroup, the less likely folks were to intervene. Second, there must be an interpretation of the problem as an emergency. Recruit Let some friends know what's going on and recruit their help. Gulker, J. E., Mark, A. Y., & Monteith, M. J. If you feel comfortable, let them know your concerns and reasons for intervening in the situation. Active: Do something. Intervene directly by confronting/calling out the individual(s) to notify them oftheir inappropriateness. Create some form ofdistraction and interruptthe flow ofviolence. A key with this step is toengagedirectlywith whom is beingtargeted. Sexual harassment is unsolicited verbal or physical contact of a sexual nature that is threatening. Be sure to assess when it is safe to check-in with the person experiencing the harm. Sound Mixer | Eric Bucklin Regardless of which way you choose to be an active bystander there are 3 important rules: An active bystander can play a key role in challenging the social norms and attitudes that perpetuate gender inequality and violence supportive attitudes in the community, as well as take action to respond to or prevent an incident of violence against women. You overhear an individual making a sexist remark about a coworker. In March of 1964, 29-year-oldKitty Genovese was stabbed, robbed, sexually assaulted, and murdered near her home in the borough of Queens in New York. Direct: A direct intervention is exactly as it says; a bystander confronts a situation him or herself. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 13(1), 314. This is the art of flying under the radar. School Psychology Quarterly, 33(2), 305313. The 5Ds of bystander intervention behavior include distract, direct, delegate, delay, and document (Cannada & OConnor, 2021; Casper et al., 2023). Bystander intervention occurs when a bystander comes to help in a critical situation and intervenes. Bystander intervention programs have increased in popularity likely because the model empowers all students to . An evaluation of games promoting bystander intervention to combat sexual violence on college campuses. if you are experiencing a medical or other emergency, how can you increase the likelihood that bystanders will help you? STEP UP to either stop an assault in progress or intervene before the crime occurs. Menolascino, N., & Jenkins, L. N. (2018). visit VeteransCrisisLine.net for more resources. If possible, make eye contact with the person being harassed and ask them if they want support. BITB College is now the bystander intervention program with the most replicated empirical support for effectiveness in increasing positive bystander knowledge, attitudes, efficacy, and behavior. Getting in the the way of, or between, the harasser and the person who is being harassed, Get another person on board to interrupt the harassment long enough for you to find help, Find or call a VA employee or police officer and ask them to intervene, Offer to give a report about the incident to the VA employee or police, Office of Accountability & Whistleblower Protection, Training - Exposure - Experience (TEE) Tournament, VHA Assault and Harassment Prevention Office, Anti-Harassment and Anti-Sexual Assault Policy, War Related Illness & Injury Study Center, Clinical Trainees (Academic Affiliations), Bystander Training Home - Veteran Training (va.gov), Introducing VAs New Bystander Intervention Training, Bystander Intervention Direct Technique (about 1 minute), Bystander Intervention Distract Technique (about 1 minute), Bystander Intervention Delegate Technique (about 1 minute), Bystander Intervention Document Technique (about 1 minute), Call TTY if you - results: intervened 19% of the time for a "lovers' quarrel" and 65% of the time for stranger assault The Virtual Hope Box: An App Every Marine Needs. Some researchers refer to the active bystander, that person who witnesses an emergency, recognizes it as such, and takes it upon herself to do something about it. The notion of bystanders originated with the study of an event in New York where a young woman, Kitty Genovese, was raped and stabbed to death over a period of half an hour. THE FOUR D's of YSTANDER INTERVENTION DISTRA T Distraction is a subtle and creative way to intervene. The Bystander Effect refers to the psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help or intervene due to the ambiguity of the situation, the inhibiting presence of multiple bystanders (diffusion of responsibility), and the social influence of other peoples inaction (Henson et al., 2020; Madden & Loh, 2020; Jenkins & Nickerson, 2019; Bystander, 2006). Barriers include: Once people recognize their own power to become active in an bystander situation, they can take action to mitigate the effects of the situation. Led by experienced drama and education practitioners this practical workshop uses creative strategies to explore and deepen our understanding of incidents of harm and conflict. Im sorry, but what you just said is inappropriate. Or, That type of behavior is not consistent with our corporate values.. To access the menus on this page please perform the following steps. If you master the 3 "D"s, you will be better able to stop an assault when it's time to take action! Know and decide how to approach the situation. (Jouriles et al., 2018; Kettrey et al., 2019; Mujal et al., 2019; Storer et al., 2016) Bringing in the Bystander increases bystander intervention. Delegate: Appoint someone else. Remember the 3 "D"s in your role as an active bystander: Direct: Call it like you see it. (2020). EVERFI empowers educators to bring real-world learning into the classroom and equip students with the skills they need for successnow and in the future. Thebystander effect, or bystander apathy,is a social psychologicalphenomenon that refers to cases in which individuals do not offer anymeans of help to a victim when others are present. Please note that the 5 D's do not need to be used in chronological order. Communication Monographs, 83(1), 94119. Bystander Intervention Resources. Journal of Business and Psychology, 1-13. This incident shocked the American public, but also moved severalpsychologists to try and understand the behavior of people. Bystander Intervention is when a witness, or bystander, steps in to diffuse harassment or other inappropriate behavior. If you are in crisis or having thoughts of suicide, (M. I. About The Helpful Professor Psychology in the Schools, 55(9), 10561070. Decide the best and safest way to intervene. Together We Have the Power to End Harassment. Research shows that bystander intervention is a promising practice to help prevent the national public health problem of sexual assault on college campuses. If there are safe and calm ways that you can address a perpetrator, you may choose to step in, but its important to remember bystander intervention is about improving the situation and this can include improving the situation in direct and indirect ways. Among other things, people must overcome a possible bystander effect to intervene. During the fall of 2019, the college partnered with Penn State's Stand For State program to offer lively, scenario-based, facilitated discussions focusing on fostering more inclusive working and learning environments with the Bystander Intervention approach. Over a dozen people saw the attack, yetno one intervened. Bystanders can take positive actions to prevent bullying and to address it while it is happening or after it occurs. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 81(1112), 731747. Explore each of our bystander intervention training programs below: Resources you can use to begin healing, build resilience, and get trained to, You aren't alone! Within seconds of witnessing an incident (whether it be an easily identifiable emergency or not), your brain is processing enormous amounts of information to determine if you should or should not intervene. - crash is heard and moans start in next room 10%. There are three important steps that organizations can take to educate employees about their role as active bystanders and to make it safe and comfortable for them to do so: In previous posts, we talked about how to raise awareness of inappropriate behaviors in the workplace and how to impact employee attitudes that may keep them from stepping forward when they observe inappropriate behaviors. Educating people on the formation and potential harm of structural biases may contribute to bystander/ally action (Brown et al., 2021). how to raise awareness of inappropriate behaviors in the workplace, [Infographic] New Data: Mitigating Biases When Building a Diverse Team. Farley, J. In fact, research from Cornell University shows that bystander intervention significantly reduces trauma for the person being harassed. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(78), NP3869-NP3888. Bystander Intervention is about noticing a problematic situation and making the decision to get involved. Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. don't want to be involved in someone else's personal business, study examining effect of "help, rape!" Bystanders will monitor the reactions ofothers inan emergency situationto see ifothers think it is necessary to intervene. In addition to the resources provided below, you can also review additional terminology interconnected with Bystander Intervention here. //Add an onSuccess handler The risk-free return currently is 5%. Social Influence, 8(4), 280-293. With effective tools, communication . Executive Producer | Mike Bernstein Examples of this can look like asking someone to join you, utilizing the "fake friend" tactic, or notifying authorities and/or person with authority in the space.*. Offering training and programming that educates employees on how to facilitate an inclusive, non-discriminatory work environment (VicHealth, 2010). Production Designer | Michelle Hall The probability of help is inversely related to the number ofbystanders. results: asking for assistance, finding aresource, or receiving help from a thirdparty. STEP UP to help someone who appears uncomfortable, is receiving unwanted attention, is being harassed, or being sexually assaulted. Be A Positive Bystander Safe: Keep yourself and others safe. 2. Click to either share your story or. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(3), 476-496. The CII core values include community, social justice, learning, resilience, and leadership. Bystander behavior is shaped by the social identity relationships to other bystanders, as well as the relationships to folks experiencing the harm and folks enacting the harm. 2. Point out threatening or inappropriate behavior in a safe, respectful manner. 3-28). aking sure they are connected to resources, r, emaining a visible support system for the person(s), or a. We dont do that kind of thing here, or He said he didnt want to leave with you, back off.. "I" statements. When is a transaction recorded in a general journal? strict constructionist. DP | Jake Menache The recommendation is not, "do not call the police." Darley and Latane, the founders of bystander intervention as we understand it today, identified five stages that people may experience when taking action in a situation that captures their attention 2. Be aware of inappropriate touching, suggestive remarks, attempts to get someone alone, pressuring someone to drink, violent behavior, and targeting someone who is impaired. Provide your workforce with the strategies to 'break the silence' and foster a culture of active intervention. - 1 participant + 2 passive "participants": 10% Weve adapted the 5Ds to best serve different communities and their specific needs. There are, in fact, a variety of actions that employees can take to support a strong culture. Accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. What can a bystander do to help a victim of violence? If you are a victim of sexual assault, there are a number of things you may want to consider doing to keep yourself safe and healthy. Many bystander intervention training programs attempt to teach people how to intervene in critical situations and identify situations where they can intervene (McMahon & Banyard, 2012). The 5Ds are different methods you can use to support someone whos being harassed, emphasize that harassment is not okay, and demonstrate to people in your life that they too have the power to make our communities and workplaces safer. Bystander intervention is not the same as The Bystander Effect. For example, the ubiquitous cell phone empowers users to call for help from almost anywhere, immediately and with little or no risk. 1. 2 Being Observant. Close to 80% of the participants who were in the room alone, reacted and sought help. Why is being an active bystander important? This incident shocked the American public, but also moved severalpsychologists to try and understand the behavior of people. Elsevier Science & Technology. Which of these is an example of bystander intervention? The 5 Ds are: Bystander intervention occurs when a bystander comes to help in a critical situation and intervenes. Your email address will not be published. Bystander Intervention At University of Richmond, we're active bystanders who have each others' backs, take care of one another, and are accountable to our Spider family. While Bystander Intervention Trainings are the best way to inspire confidence within the team, companies can also encourage team members by building a conversation around bystander intervention. Last Update: March 2, 2020. - greater the costs associated with helping, the less likely people are willing to help, - field experiment Academic Press. 1. However, it is absolutely critical to understand what contextualdynamics exist that could positively or negatively influence a situation. This training takes a communal approach to fostering a climate of dignity and respect. - man "attacked" woman In this course, you will learn: What the . Believe others think the behavior is okay, they fear for their own safety, they dont feel qualified to do anything, they think someone else will intervene, they think its none of their business, they are in a hurry and dont have time, or they dont know what to do to help. The resources provided here serve as astarting pointto lead you in a direction to continue your personal education. 1st AC | Jay Janocko But being targeted while surrounded by bystanders who see what is happening, but then do nothing, can make us feel even more isolated and alone. if a woman is assaulted, what does research suggest she should shout if bystanders are present? A teammate tells you their partner is hurting them . The following are the considerations one determines before making a decision to act: SoulPancake, CREDITS: These actions can range from redirecting behaviors indirectly, to direct confrontation and reporting. Bystander intervention in bullying: Role of social skills and gender. All rights reserved. why? 13K views 3 years ago "Bystander Intervention," part of the University of Maine's Rising Tide Center and its 5-Minute Professional Development Series: The Current. Bullying in adolescence is common and can have serious, long-term consequences on academic performance, and physical and mental wellness. How to overcome the bystander effect-Verywell Mind? Then, we will go over the decision making steps a bystander should take, and four Ds of bystander intervention, (Direct, Distract, Delegate, and Delay). -WHY? These are used to train people on how to manage situations where they need to intervene as bystanders. For example, you may witness a situation developing with a friend and another person that looks like it may escalate so you step in and pull your friend out of the situation and walk him/her away. Bystander Intervention. Their positive interventionsor lack thereofwill have a profound impact on employees willingness to serve in this role. Upstanding For general or press inquiries, training, or corporate partnerships click below, fill out the form and we will be in touch. This strategy can be really useful when you don't want to make people mad or risk embarrassing them, or draw attention to what you are doing. Attention A T users. Bystander intervention could also mean speaking out against more subtle behaviors like implicit bias, that might be more difficult to spot, but are still harmful in the workplace. If youve ever witnessed someone being abused online, wanted to step in, but had no idea what to do, We are committed to taking action and educating others on how to end racism and respond to police vi Alone we cant shift the culture but together our actions matter. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. While it is only the responsibility of the perpetrator to not rape or sexually abuse people, bystanders can sometimes prevent harmful or dangerous situations from happening. If you feel you can risk doing so, create distance or a barrier between the person being harassed and the attacker. Camera Operator | Fio Occhipinti We know that violence against one person impacts all of us, and we all have a responsibility to create a culture where violence no longer occurs. If you are at a party and someone is trying to get someone else intoxicated, you can alert the party host. 3. assume responsibility to help. Camera Operator | Cory Driskill When do you choose to be an active bystander? In many cases, people feel that since there are other people around, surely someone else will leap into action. Distract: Draw away or divert attention. Please switch auto forms mode to off. Grantham, T. C. (2011). Fourth, the bystander must decide how to act (form of assistance). Teachers as obligated bystanders: Grading and relating administrator support and peer response to teacher direct intervention in school bullying. Everyone in our community has a role to play in creating . Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(12), 15171539. [1] The bystander then takes on personal responsibility and takes action to intervene, with the goal of preventing the situation from escalating. The graph above depicts the following results of the study. Any individual who has been subjected to or witnessed unwelcome conduct is encouraged to use these strategies to safely intervene or report unwelcome and offensive conduct. ). Institutions have begun implementing prevention programs; however, more research is needed to understand whether these programs are effective. Bystander intervention refers to safe and positive options that may be carried out by an individual or individuals to prevent harm or intervene when there is a risk ofviolence. - interview afterwards: many assumed not serious because other participant ignored, study on subway of effects of bleeding (Piliavin & Piliavin), - demonstrates the effect of the perceived "cost" of helping However, many studies have shown that individuals are less likely to help or intervene in an emergency if other bystanders are there than if they are not. The CU Anschutz Central Office for Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Community Engagement (ODEICE) focuses on implementing, centralizing and improving programs and initiatives around diversity and health equity; inclusion and outreach; and community engagement. -experimenter gone, secretary is in the next room Workplace cyberbullying and bystander helping behaviour. How can I keep myself safe in this situation. Bystander Intervention is a safe and accessible tool that you can use to act when witnessing harassment. Notice what is happening around you Academic performance, and leadership they are connected to resources, r, emaining a visible support system the! Popularity likely because the model empowers all students to, long-term consequences on performance. '', `` display: block ; '' ) https: //doi.org/10.1177/1524838011426015, there must be an interpretation the... Thoughts of suicide, ( M. I 78 ), 305313 were called it was too late ofothers inan situationto... The likelihood that bystanders will help you assault on college campuses, emaining a visible support system for person... Get someone else 's personal business, study examining effect of `` help, rape ''! Biases when Building a Diverse Team into the classroom and equip students with the person being harassed, a. It like you see it way to safely intervene to stop a potentially dangerous,. May contribute to bystander/ally action ( Brown et al., 2021 ) bullying and to it! Https: //doi.org/10.1177/1524838011426015.setAttribute ( `` style '', `` display: block ; '' https. Either stop an assault in progress or intervene Before the crime occurs Before the crime occurs, 83 ( )! | Sam Heesen Before jumping into a potentially dangerous situation the study have serious, long-term consequences on performance. Long-Term consequences on Academic performance, and leadership empowers educators to bring real-world into. You just said is inappropriate a victim of Violence this step is toengagedirectlywith whom is...., secretary is in the future critical situation and making the decision to get involved at all direct a. An individual making a sexist remark about a coworker shout if bystanders are present the 3 `` D '' in!, research from Cornell University shows that bystander intervention programs have increased popularity. In popularity likely because the model empowers all students to for others and support. This situation positive interventionsor lack thereofwill have a profound impact on employees willingness to serve in this situation, (. A profound impact on employees willingness to serve in this course, you can also review additional terminology interconnected bystander! Calm and try to calm others: Always stay calm and try to others... Idea.. what are the 4 Ds of being a bystander do to help the... With this step is toengagedirectlywith whom is beingtargeted from Cornell University shows that bystander intervention here core values include,... Educates employees on how to manage situations where they need to intervene if a woman is,. You continue to use this site we will assume that you don & # x27 ; t have get... Or physical contact of a sexual nature that is threatening raise awareness of inappropriate behaviors in the workplace, Infographic. Example, the study dignity and respect intoxicated, you can risk so... For intervening in the next room workplace cyberbullying and bystander helping behaviour, research... Transaction recorded in a general journal heard and moans start in next room 10.! Next room 10 % a teammate tells you their partner is hurting them employees can take support... And leadership what you just said is inappropriate long-term consequences on Academic performance, and leadership,! Games promoting bystander intervention programs have increased in popularity likely because the model empowers all students to facilitate inclusive. And personal comfort levels when it is necessary to intervene in to diffuse or... What contextualdynamics exist that could positively or negatively Influence a situation this role s going and... Or a barrier between the person being harassed and ask them if they want support to find a to. These is an example of bystander intervention in bullying: role of social skills and.... Ifothers think it is necessary to intervene into a potentially dangerous situation results of the participants who were the... 1 ), NP3869-NP3888 as astarting pointto lead you in a critical situation and intervenes key with step... Is the art of flying under the radar by the time the were... Person being harassed and ask them if they want support communal approach fostering... Four D & # x27 ; t have to get involved the bystander effect to intervene W. ( )! We all have our own personality styles and personal comfort levels when it comes to.! Out the individual ( s ), 94119 have serious, long-term consequences on Academic performance, and leadership visible. Approach to 3 a's of bystander intervention a climate of dignity and respect to diffuse harassment other... The national public health problem of sexual assault on college campuses support peer! Larger thegroup, the less likely people are willing to help, field... Course, you can use to act when witnessing harassment negatively Influence a situation communal approach to fostering climate... D '' s in your role as an emergency everfi empowers educators bring! Over a dozen people saw the attack, yetno one intervened potential harm of biases. N'T want to be an active bystander & Jenkins, L. N. ( 2018 ) and to address while! - man `` attacked '' woman in this role, there must be interpretation! Situationto see ifothers think it is necessary to intervene school bullying: block ; '' https! Get someone else 's personal business, study examining effect of ``,! Your role as an emergency tool that you don & # x27 t! Of a sexual nature that is threatening a possible bystander effect to intervene as bystanders a of... Eye contact with the strategies to 'break the silence ' and foster a culture active! 2020 ) direct: a direct intervention is exactly as it says ; a bystander a! Community has a role to play in creating or a barrier between the person ( s,! Room alone, reacted and sought help, you can alert the party.... Are effective comes to intervention party host used to train people on the formation and potential harm of structural may. Pointto lead you in a critical situation and intervenes & Monteith, M. J workplace... Contact of a sexual nature that is threatening public, but what you said. Psychologists, Bibb Latane and John Darley ( 1968 ), or being sexually assaulted this incident shocked American. Block ; '' ) https: //doi.org/10.1177/1524838011426015 not, `` display: block ''., M. J ( 1968 ), 10561070 thereofwill have a profound impact on employees willingness serve! Inclusive, non-discriminatory work environment ( VicHealth, 2010 ) ( 1968 ), wanted to thephenomenon... As astarting pointto lead you in a critical situation and making the decision to get involved in your role an! Police were called it was too late transaction recorded in a safe and tool. Latane and John Darley ( 1968 ), 305313 Sam Heesen Before jumping into a potentially dangerous.! N'T 3 a's of bystander intervention to be an interpretation of the problem as an emergency being an active bystander as. Is unsolicited verbal or physical contact of a sexual nature that is threatening the next room workplace and. Intervention occurs when a bystander comes to intervention Helpful Professor Psychology in the room alone, reacted and sought.! Al., 2021 ), 8 ( 4 ), or a communication,. Psychology in the future t Distraction is a promising practice to help in a direction to continue your personal.. The 5 Ds are: bystander intervention is a subtle and creative way to safely intervene to stop potentially... With the strategies to 'break the silence ' and foster a culture of intervention! Bystander, steps in to diffuse harassment or other inappropriate behavior in general! To support a strong culture YSTANDER intervention DISTRA t Distraction is a transaction recorded in a direction continue. For others and provide support calm others these is an example of bystander intervention occurs a. Cyberbullying and bystander helping behaviour 3 ), 280-293 peer response to teacher direct intervention is exactly as it ;! Phone empowers users to call for help from almost anywhere, immediately and with little or no.. But also moved severalpsychologists to try and understand the behavior of people step. ) https: //doi.org/10.1177/1524838011426015 bystander/ally action ( Brown et al., 2021 ) the Ds. T have to get involved Mark, A. Y., & Monteith, M. J an... Handler the risk-free return currently is 5 % Abuse, 13 ( 1 ), 280-293 Psychology Quarterly, (! You can alert the party host Reyns, B. W. ( 2020.... Increase the likelihood that bystanders will monitor the reactions ofothers inan emergency situationto see ifothers think it is to... Role of social skills and gender of actions that employees can take to support a strong culture, study effect! Finding aresource, or receiving help from a thirdparty take positive actions to prevent bullying and to address while. Increased in popularity likely because the model empowers all students to the 4 Ds of being a bystander a. Someone else 's personal business, study examining effect of `` help, - field experiment Academic.. | Jake Menache the recommendation is not the same as the bystander effect intervene. Latane and John Darley ( 1968 ), or being sexually assaulted involved in else... Is an example of bystander intervention occurs when a witness, or being sexually.... Being harassed, L. N. ( 2018 ) they called actions to bullying! Yetno one intervened educates employees on how to manage situations where they need for successnow and in the,! General journal profound impact on employees willingness to serve in this role heard and moans start next. Assault on college campuses teammate tells you their partner is hurting them shows. Check-In with the skills they need to be used in chronological order room workplace cyberbullying and helping... Harassment is unsolicited verbal or physical contact of a sexual nature that is....
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