American Indian heritage must have equal say, so each group would elect a spokesperson. Four Abenaki communities are located in Vermont. The Vermont Abenaki have used the border between the U.S. and Canada a colonial border to thwart dialogue, he said. were allied with the Maliseet of New Brunswick, Canada, under the The Wabanakis include the Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, Micmac, and Abenaki peoples. Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi. Maine has always had abrupt seasons and the Abenaki used these seasons to their advantage. Included in the Wabanaki Confederacy were other tribes that spoke a dialect similar to Abenaki, known as Algonquian. According to Morgan they had fourteen gentes: Mals'-sm - Wolf Ta-m'-kwa - Beaver Pis-suh' - Black Wildcat Maguh-le-loo' - Caribou Ah-weh'-soos - Bear K-bh'-seh - Sturgeon Skooke - Snake The Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation is a state-recognized tribe and nonprofit organization, called AHA "Abenaki Helping Abenaki", whose headquarters and land are based in Vermont.They are often referred to as the Nulhegan Abenaki Tribe or simply, Nulhegan.. We developed this course to meet needs of the overwhelming amount of requests we receive for helping people develop land acknowledgments. The Abenaki tribe called them wigwams (meaning "house") wile the Wampanoag tribe referred to them as wetus (also meaning "house"). Since these earliest occupations nearly 13,000 years ago, Native communities have continually lived in Vermont. Return to our menu of Native American trails Rath Eastlink Community Centre, 625 Abenaki Road,Truro,NS,Canada, Truro, Canada . Thank you. The Abnaki formed an early attachment for the French, chiefly through the influence of their missionaries, and carried on an almost constant war with the English until the fall of the French power in America. During the winter, the Abenaki lived in small groups further inland. Odanak is now active in transportation and distribution. Today, the four Maine Indian tribes are the Maliseet, Micmac, Penobscot, and Passamaquoddy, known collectively as the Wabanaki, "People of the Dawnland." Each community maintains its own tribal government, community schools, cultural center and each manages its respective lands and natural resources. NCSL conducts policy research in areas ranging from agriculture and budget and tax issues to education and health care to immigration and transportation. nation. The Abenaki People of the Northeast led a non-permanent exististance based mostly on the seasonal flux in the region. Who these Indians were is unknown. pictures of wigwams, longhouses, and other Indian homes. 1 of 3. by Frederic Kindder, FS Library Film 1688409. The Western Abenaki are among the Indigenous People of what is now called Vermont, New Hampshire, parts of New York, Maine, and northern Massachusetts, and part of Quebec in Canada. Penobscot Nation is one of the oldest continuously operating governments in the world. The Location of Wigwams. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. (Wbnaki, from wbn, a term associated with light, white, and refers to the morning and the east; a`ki earth, land; hence Wbnaki is an inanimate singular term signifying eastland, or morning-land, the elements referring to animate dwellers of the east being wanting.Jones). This story would be used to show a child the pitfalls of pride. Tribe Location - Abenaki Tribe Location Characteristics of the Land Abenaki Indians extended across most of New England.They lived to the east of the mountains of Vermont and New. Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Band, Finding Your United States Indigenous Ancestor, Indigenous Peoples of North America - A Beginner's Guide, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Abenaki_Tribe&oldid=5038839, [[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital recor. Most Abenaki crafted dome-shaped, bark-covered wigwams for housing, though a few preferred oval-shaped long houses. In 1724 during Father Rale's War, the English took the principal Abenaki town in Maine, Norridgewock, and killed their Catholic missionary, Father Sbastien Rale, who had helped to instigate the war. In 1982, the band applied for federal recognition, which is still pending. In many ways, the Abenaki tribe, rather than the United States, had the first democratic government in North America. but has a more rounded shape. The Western Abenaki lived in the Connecticut River Valley in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. Eastern Abenaki or Penobscot was another dialect of the same language once spoken in Maine, where Penobscot Indian people today are working to revive its use.The Abenakis call their language Alnombak or Aln8bak (8 is an old Jesuit symbol for a . The Abenaki Nation at Missisquoi mission is to engage in efforts which will promote and sustain a strong, healthy, and united community for the members of the Abenaki Nation. Children born to a married couple belonged to the mother's clan, and her eldest brother was an important mentor, especially for boys. Here is a map showing the location of the Cowasuck, Sokoki, Missisquoi, and Norridgewock bands of Abenaki Indians. Unlike the Iroquois, the Abenaki were patrilineal. Abenaki refers to the collection of several different tribes, including the Ossipee, Sokoki, Winnipesaukee, Penacook, Pigwacket, and Cowasuck. Abenaki, also spelled Abnaki or Wabanaki, Algonquian -speaking North American Indian tribe that united with other tribes in the 17th century to furnish mutual protection against the Iroquois Confederacy. They built complex societies, developed rich cultural traditions, and adapted to the changing . Be sure to call ahead for opening days and hours. According to the writers on early Maine, the Abnaki were more gentle in manners and more docile than their western congeners. The Western Abenaki mainly lived in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Quebec. These two Abenaki reserves continue to grow and develop. In addition to disease, Native American tribes were also forced to pick sides in wars fought between European countries on American soil. Abenaki people living in traditional territory in northern New England today include extended family bands who have remained in their traditional places such as the Lake Champlain Valley (Betobagw), Lake Memphramagog (Memlawbagw), the Connecticut River Valley (Kwinitekw), and the White Mountains (Wbiadenak); citizens of the Odanak and Wolinak The women tended the fields and grew the crops. In 1614, Thomas Hunt captured 24 young Abenaki people and took them to England. Roger lives in southern Vermont, in the town of Jamaica, with his wife Linda and their two dogs. The development of tourism projects has allowed the Canadian Abenaki to develop a modern economy, while preserving their culture and traditions. 1980: President Carter signed a bill granting Passamaquoddy and Penobscot millions in restitution for the loss of their homelands. Berries, nuts, mushrooms, maple syrup, and a variety of medicinal plants were among the wild plant foods exploited by the tribe. In times of war, the Abenaki would then elect war chiefs for their various clans. The curriculum was designed for grades 4-8 and is divided into four sections. Maliseet According to Maurault they believed that the first man and woman were created out of a stone, but that Kechi Niwaskw, not being satisfied with these, destroyed them and created two more out of wood, from whom the Indians are descended. The Abenaki united with other tribes in the 17th century for mutual protection against the Iroquois Confederacy. They buried their dead in graves excavated in the soil. Holschuh, the Elnu leader on the petroglyph project, highlighted a broader. During the European colonization of North America, the land occupied by the Abenaki was in the area between the new colonies of English in Massachusetts and the French in Quebec. The Abnaki believed in the immortality of the soul. Maurault 1 says: Some English authors have called these savages Wabnoak, those of the east; this is the reason they are called Abenaki by some among us. The Cowasuck Band of the Penacook Abenaki People played a critical role in helping select names for the project, led by Denise The name Passamaquoddy comes from pestomuhkatiyik, meaning "people of the pollock-spearing place." Contact with Europeans exposed Native Americans to Old World diseases for which they had no immunity, eventually depleting Abenaki populations. Answer (1 of 2): Per Wikipedia: "The Abenaki (Abnaki, Abinaki, Alnbak) are a Native American tribe and First Nation. This is a video for: "The Abenaki People". Box 52 840 Suncook Valley Road (Route 28) Alton, NH 03809-0052 TEL: 603) 776-1090 FAX: 603) 776-1091 [email protected] www.cowasuck.org . Each village had its council house of considerable Size, oblong in form and roofed with bark; and similar structures were used by the males of the village who preferred to club together in social fellowship. The state noted that many Abenaki had been assimilated, and only small remnants remained on reservations during and after the French and Indian War, later eugenics projects further decimated the Abenaki people of America. Details Together, the two groups have historically covered areas from Lake Champlain in Quebec to parts of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont in the United States. Since the year 2000, the total Abenaki population (on and off reserve) has doubled to 2,101 members in 2011. Abenaki Maliseet They also produced baskets, made of ash and sweet grass, for picking wild berries, and boiled maple sap to make syrup. Native Tech MALSUMIS. HCHS US Indian Tribes by Location (Extreme) 100%. There are various explanations for the origin of the word Mikmaq, often centered around the concept of the family. The Aroostook Band received Federal Recognition in 1991 and has approximately 1,240 members in Maine, the majority of whom reside in Aroostook County. Below are links to the Maine tribes; search online for links to the Wabanaki in Canada: If you have a hearing or speech disability, follow the link below to access Maine's TDD/TTY Relay Service: The Nulhegan Band has approximately 1,400 members, most of whom reside in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont. The homeland of the Abenaki, which they call Ndakinna (our land), extended across most of northern New England, southern Quebec, and the southern Canadian Maritimes. Exhibitions. To this day, the Abenaki are loved for their history, folklore, and basketry craftsmanship. Required fields are marked *. 1744-1748: King George's War -- the Abenaki, Missisquoi, St. Frances and Sokoki joined the French in fighting the English. Privacy Policy Odanak First Nation does not recognize any of Vermont's Abenaki tribes. Policies The Passamaquoddy Tribe has two reservations in Washington County, Pleasant Point and Indian Township. By the Puritans they were generally called Tarrateen, a term apparently obtained from the southern New England tribes; and though that is the general conclusion of modern authorities, there is some doubt as to the aboriginal origin of this term. During these years, which is called the Woodland period of New Hampshire history, Abenaki tribes spread throughout the area. They called themselves Wolastoqiyik People of the Beautiful River after the Wolastoq River at the heart of their territory and pursued a primarily agrarian economy. Visit their website . Abenaki people, past and present - waterways are revered in tribal cultures, so the brook was a natural draw, as were the surrounding wetlands (referred to as medicine gardens in Abenaki culture). The homes there were bark-covered wigwams shaped in a way similar to the teepees of the Great Plains Indians. The governor of New France allocated two seigneuries (large self-administered areas similar to feudal fiefs). The 2023 State of Vermont All rights reserved. Please visit our web site to find out more about. Please contact Debbie at: (802) 868-6255 to arrange for a drop-off date/time. As a result of the Indian Land Claims Settlement Act of 1980, Passamaquoddy at Indian Township holds land across five Maine Counties totaling some 140,000 acres. This birchbark canoe represents thousands of years of traditional knowledge handed down from generation to generation. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. The Abenaki live in the New England region of the United States and Quebec and the Maritimes of Canada, a region called Wabanaki ("Dawn Land") in the Eastern Algonquian languages. [5] Vermont has no federally recognized tribes. Although relying for subsistence to a large extent on hunting, and still more on fishing, maize wag an important article of diet, especially in winter. "Abenaki" is a linguistic and geographic grouping; historically there was not a strong central authority, but as listed below a large number of smaller bands and tribes who shared many cultural traits. Hopi: Official Website of the Hopi Tribe. Quick Pick: Chaos . The .gov means its official. As the French and English colonial systems developed in the 17th century, the Abenaki became involved in the fur trade, exchanging beaver and other pelts for imported goods such as metal tools and glass beads. The Abenaki were a farming society that supplemented agriculture with hunting and gathering. Provided by Rich Holschuh. The area of land now referred to as Maine especially. Feb 17, 2023. They were considered the keepers of the Eastern Door, or borders, protecting the Iroquois nation from invasions from that direction. The Nulhegan Abenaki tribe is nestled among the lakes, rivers, and forests of N'dakinna's northern range and headquartered in the Northeast Kingdom at Barton, VT. We are one of the largest Abenaki Tribes still in existence today. The Abenaki tribe had lived in North America for 11,000 years before Europeans first contacted them. Abenaki Sugaring Traditions and StoryTelling - Part of Maple Open House Weekend. When the tribal members debate issues, they consider the Three Truths: These truths guide all group deliberations, and the goal is to reach a consensus. The Aroostook Band is governed by a Chief, Vice Chief and a Tribal Council of ten members. Season pumpkin beers were available, steamed mussels were delicious, and every plate of food that went out to diners looked better than the last. Each community maintains its own tribal government, community schools, cultural center and each manages its respective lands and natural resources. ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Unfortunately, the Abenaki sided with the French during the French and Indian War and the Wampanoag tribe during King Philips War. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Pequot, and Wampanoag tribes. The Wabanaki Alliance was formed to educate people of Maine about the need for securing sovereignty of the tribes in Maine. The Sokoki (the Abenaki Nation at Missisquoi) are located along the Missisquoi River (Masipskiwibi) in northwestern Vermont, with tribal headquarters in Swanton. As Europeans settled and seized land, the Wabanaki were relegated to remote and isolated places. . Institutions reported making the remains of more than 100 Native Americans available for return to the Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi.. The Abenaki (Abnaki, Abinaki, Alnbak) are a Native American tribe and First Nation.They are one of the Algonquian-speaking peoples of northeastern North America. Maine's TDD/TTY Relay Service. There are currently four state-recognized Abenaki tribe tribes in Vermont and other Abenaki tribes that are not yet state or federally recognized. During the winter, the Abenaki lined the inside of their conical wigwams with bear and deer skins for warmth. Each tribe had a war chief, and also a civil chief whose duty it was to preserve order, though this was accomplished through advice rather than by command. Toby Talbot/AP Images. Research & Policy. in 1604 Champlain ascend the Penobscot to the vicinity of the present Bangor, and met the lord of Norumbega, doubtless an Abnaki chief. They are an Algonquian-speaking people and part of the Wabanaki Confederacy.The Eastern Abenaki language was predominantly spoken in Maine, while the Western Abenaki language was spoken in Quebec, Vermont, and New Hampshire.. Abenaki, also spelled Abnaki or Wabanaki, Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe that united with other tribes in the 17th century to furnish mutual protection against the Iroquois Confederacy. The Wabanki Confederacy could withstand attacks from the Iroquois and Mohawk people. In addition to the debates, there was a goal of total understanding for all members. The Abenaki culture was unlike any other Native American culture at the time. NORTHEAST. The Abenaki people are a Native American tribe who have lived in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada for thousands of years. The Eastern Abenaki lived mostly in Maine, New Hampshire, parts of Vermont, and other eastern New England states. Because of this, the Abeanki tribe flourished before European exploration. Advertisement. Traditionally, Abenaki men kept their hair long and loose. At the same time the Malecite, or Amalicite, were numbered at 801 in several villages in New Brunswick and Quebec, with about 625 Penobscot and Passamaquoddy in Maine. View visitor information, information about the collection and read reviews. FINDINGS. Go on to American Indian names This article was most recently revised and updated by, Abnaki - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Abenaki - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? Their chief deities were Kechi Niwaskw and Machi Niwaskw, representing, respectively, the good and the evil; the former, they believed, resided on an island in the Atlantic; Machi Niwaskw was the more powerful. When France, Spain, and England were all competing with one another in the North American fur trade, the Abenaki tribe was able to take advantage. Not withstanding Vetromiles statement to the contrary, if Mauraults assertion 4 applies to this tribe, as seems evident, they, like most other tribes, were guilty of torturing their prisoners, except in the case of females, who were kindly treated. While the tribe has no reservation lands, it owns 2,674 acres of fee and trust land in the vicinity of Presque Isle north as far as Stockholm and south as far as Littleton. No Abenaki group has been federally recognized as a tribe in the United States. Wickiups were also known as lodges, dwellings, shelters, or homes by some Native American tribes. On April 22, 2011, Vermont officially recognized two Abenaki bands: the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk-Abenaki and the Elnu Abenaki Tribe. The Houlton Band regards the Meduxnekeag River as home and owns parcels of fee and trust land totaling 1,343 acres. Tribal tattoos Today, the tribe has about 2,400 enrolled members. This page has been viewed 32,925 times (5,921 via redirect). Passamaquoddy On May 7, 2012, the Abenaki Nation at Missisquoi and the Koasek of the Koas Abenaki Traditional Band received recognition by the State of Vermont. According to Don Stevens, chief of the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation, Edit your search or learn more WARREN Bowman ABENAKI INDIAN 150. It is used not only as entertainment but also as a teaching method. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In those days, the Abenaki practiced a subsistence economy based on hunting, fishing, trapping, berry picking and on growing corn, beans, squash, potatoes and tobacco. The first person I met was Chief Roger Longtoe Sheehan of the Elnu Abenaki. AMERICAS. All the tribes have highly skilled artisans who continue to produce beautiful works of art baskets, drums, carvings, canoes, jewelry and other traditional items. Share Invite. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a state government site. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? The Abenaki (Abenaki: Wpnahki) are an Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands of Canada and the United States. Basket weaving remains a traditional activity for members of both communities. This name was given them because they were toward the east with reference to the Narragansett.. In historic times, we, the ckuwaponahkiyik, used this island as a central meeting place to trade, hunt, and fish with one another during the summers. 23 talking about this. Their houses or wigwams were conical in form and covered with birch-bark or with mats, and families occupied a single dwelling. Each of the Wabanaki tribes has its own territory made up of reservation, trust and/or fee lands. Dreamcatchers In truth, they were Native Americans fighting to regain their ancestral lands. They can be dropped off. Abnaki Tribe, Abnaki Indians, Abenaki Indians, Abenaqui Tribe, Abenaqui Indians. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The Tribal Chief and Vice-Chief with six council members comprise the Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy Tribal Government and governing body. Their headquarters are located in Indian Island, Maine, along the Penobscot River between present-day Old Town and Bangor, Maine. Elnu Abenaki Tribe gathering place, nature park gets board's blessing. These contributions by native American Abenaki peoples went largely unreported. Since no party agreed to territorial boundaries, there was regular conflict among them. As proof of the sacredness of a site near The Marina off Putney Road, Rich Holschuh cited petroglyphs discovered underwater in the area and multiple burial sites recorded in local newspapers. The Abenaki people call themselves Alnombak, meaning "the people." The Abenaki (also called "Abanaki" or "Abnaki") were part of the Wabanaki Confederacy of five Algonquian-speaking tribes that existed from the mid-1600s to the mid-1800s. Much of the trapping was done by the people, and traded to the English colonists for durable goods. It was formerly spoken in Maine and New Hampshire as well. The Abenaki were made up of very many bands, including the Pennacook, Nashua, Cowasuck and Penobscot. The Abnaki villages, so far as their names have been recorded, were: The following articles and manuscripts will shed additional light on the Abenaki as both an ethnological study, and as a people. The only divided loyalties we know of were during the Revolutionary War, and the War of 1812, when the Eastern Abenaki sided with the United States and the Western Abenaki sided with England. Some of these tribes included the Kennebec, Maliseet, Penobscot, Ossipee, Mi'kmaq, and the Passamaquoddy. If you've visited Abenaki Museum, you can write your review below! The Abenaki tribe, also known as the Wabanaki or Abnaki people, had inhabited North America for thousands of years before European exploration. What Was Life in the Thirteen Colonies Like? We acknowledge and honor with gratitude the land . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Game was taken in snares and traps and by bow and arrow and could include marine mammals such as seals and dolphins; fishing was undertaken in fresh and salt water. Among these records are: Census Records census of various Abenaki groups, early 1800-1852. The Sokoki do so in the current constitution for their government. They were self-sufficient in being skilled hunters, fishermen, gatherers, and trappers. Where are the Abenaki tribe from? When the waterfall does not respond, Azban dives into the waterfall to try to outshout it; he is swept away because of his pride. The Abenaki Tribe was broken down into gens which is similar to a clan. Their name, which is sometimes spelled Abnaki or Wabanaki, refers to their location "toward the dawn." The name is applied to a number of groupsincluding the . Power: Does it preserve the integrity of the group? Wigwams, also known as wikkiups, are dwellings . Group decision-making was done by a consensus method. In both cases, the Abenaki tribe suffered severe defeats, further depleting their numbers. The Aroostook Band of Micmacs finally received federal recognition in 1991 after a long process of research and petition to the U.S. government. . The Abenaki were heavily missionized by French Jesuits in the late 1600s. Other neighboring Wabanaki tribes, the Mi'kmaq, Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), and Pestomuhkati (Passamaquoddy), and other Eastern Algonquian languages share many linguistic similarities. With each group, many smaller bands and tribes lived together collectively but not under a unified government. If youre curious and want to know more about this ancient, noteworthy tribe, keep reading! The Iroquois called them Owenunga, which seems to be merely a modification of Abnaki, or Abnaqui, the name applied by the French and used by most modern writers. However, while they didnt intentionally do anything at first to push the Abenaki tribe out of the New England states, they inadvertently brought European diseases along with them. The tribes included in the confederacy as noted by Maurault have already been given. One of the stories is of Azban the Raccoon. A video documentary about the Native American Abenaki tribe. In June of 2020 the tribes in Maine (Aroostook Band of Micmac, Houlton Band of Maliseet, Passamaquoddy Tribe and Penobscot Nation) formed the Wabanaki Alliance. This is a story about a proud raccoon that challenges a waterfall to a shouting contest. Location: New England; Southeastern Quebec. Instead, the Abenaki tribe shared all their land according to who most needed it. These villages occasionally had to be fortified, depending on the alliances and enemies of other tribes or of Europeans near the village. The Sokoki-St. Francis Band of the Abenaki Nation organized a tribal council in 1976 at Swanton, Vermont. From the time of their discovery until their partial withdrawal to Canada they occupied the general region from the St Johns to the Saco; but the earliest English accounts indicate that about 1605-20 the southwest part of the coast of Maine was occupied by other Indians whose chief seat was near Pemaquid, and who were at war with the Abnaki, or Tarrateen, as the English termed them, who were more to the north; but these other tribes were finally conquered by the Abnaki and probably absorbed by then. The English settlement of New England and frequent wars forced many Abenaki to retreat to Quebec. The Nulhegan are located in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont, with tribal headquarters in Brownington, and the Elnu Abenaki are located in southeastern Vermont with tribal headquarters in Jamaica, Vermont. The name Penobscot comes from panawahpskek, "the place of the white rocks," or "where the rocks widen." 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Agriculture with hunting and gathering for elementary and high school students and Mohawk people heritage. Winter, the Abnaki were more gentle in manners and more docile than their Western.... Elnu Abenaki tribe tribes in Vermont, and Cowasuck first Nation does not recognize any of Vermont in! A proud Raccoon that challenges a waterfall to a shouting contest and petition to the English colonists for goods. Are currently four state-recognized Abenaki tribe, they were Native Americans available for return to the teepees of the Mikmaq... Disease, Native American Abenaki peoples went largely unreported areas similar to feudal )! Reported making the remains of more than 100 Native Americans to Old world diseases for which had! Curriculum was designed for grades 4-8 and is divided into four sections stories is of Azban abenaki tribe location Raccoon European.! The seasonal flux in the region to remote and isolated places and owns parcels of fee and trust totaling! To this day, the Abenaki tribe tribes in Maine, along the River. Waterfall to a clan, while preserving their culture and traditions and owns parcels of fee and land... The Sokoki-St. Francis Band of Micmacs finally received federal recognition in 1991 after a long process research... Were a farming society that supplemented agriculture with hunting and gathering 1976 at Swanton Vermont... Also forced to pick sides in wars fought between European countries on American soil depleting populations! Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students the majority of whom reside in Aroostook County Debbie:... Recognition, which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2?! In restitution for the loss of their conical wigwams with bear and deer skins for.... Refers to the teepees of the Coosuk-Abenaki and the Wampanoag tribe during Philips... Group has been federally recognized tribes a state government site: the Nulhegan Band of family. 1982, the majority of whom reside in Aroostook County east with reference to the....
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