[43] As late as 1945, the French drew up an ambitious plan to move massive Vietnamese population to three key areas, i.e., the Vientiane Plain, Savannakhet region, and the Bolaven Plateau, which was only derailed by the Japanese invasion of Indochina. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. [9] Durante o quarto milnio a.C., frascos de sepultamento e outros tipos de sepulcros sugerem uma sociedade complexa em que os objetos de bronze . [141] Laos's progress is notable in comparison to similar developing countries. Of the 2,908,440 vaccine doses, 100% were donated in partnership with COVAX. [181], Association football is the most popular sport in Laos. Authorities in Laos have reported a significant Covid-19 outbreak near the notorious Kings Romans casino, whose Chinese owner is accused by the United States of trafficking people, wildlife and drugs. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. The capital is Vientiane (Lao: Viangchan), located on the Mekong River in the northern portion of the country. Laos will . [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. Of the many beautiful Wats in Vientiane, a visit to Wat Sisaket is a must; built in 1818, this is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane. Capital: Vientiane. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. 1 Vientiane the increasingly busy capital on the banks of the Mekong River; 2 Huay Xai in the north, on the Mekong and the border with Thailand; 3 Luang Namtha capital of the north, known for its trekking; 4 Luang Prabang a UNESCO World Heritage City known for its numerous temples, colonial era architecture, and vibrant night market; 5 Muang Xay also known as . Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from . They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. Browse 13,220 laos capital stock photos and images available, or search for laos culture or thailand to find more great stock photos and pictures. [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. Buddha Park, also known as Xieng Khuan, is a . [165] The 2017 documentary feature film Blood Road was predominantly shot and produced in Laos with assistance from the Lao government, it was recognised with a News and Documentary Emmy Award in 2018. Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean). head to the ancient capital of Laos - Vientiane, soak in the countryside of Pakse, and play with mischievous dolphins in 4000 Islands. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. Area 236,800 sq km (91,400 sq miles) Major languages Lao, French. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. The Capital City of Laos (officially named Lao People's Democratic Republic) is the city of Vientiane.The population of Vientiane in the year 2007 was 6,521,998. [140], Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . [126] In addition, the country's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. Situated on a curve of the Mekong River, Laos's Capital has a recorded history that stretches back to around 1,000 AD. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. The most popular place to visit in Laos, Luang Prabang is an historic city that once served as the capital of the Kingdom of Laos. In 1899, Vientiane became the capital of the French protectorate of Laos, which ensured further development in the city. Wat Sisaket, Luang, and Phra Keo are the three most . In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. Jaew can refer to any type of dipping sauce, of which Laos has a never ending abundance. Jaew. The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. Vientiane is the capital and largest city in Laos. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. Updated on November 19, 2021. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the city is also the most populous in the nation. [96][97] In The Economist's Democracy Index 2016 Laos was classified as an "authoritarian regime", ranking lowest of the nine ASEAN nations included in the study. All these changes were partly due to the inflow of foreign capital into the Lao economy in the form of direct investment. Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. AFP. [89], The European Union,[90] UNHCHR, and international groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation. [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. Buddha park in Vientiane, Laos. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. Bangkok (AFP) - A new $6 billion Chinese-built railway line opens in Laos this week, bringing hopes of an economic boost to the reclusive nation, but experts are questioning the benefits . [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. But around the 11th and 12th centuries, the Lao and Thai came from Southern China and overtook the area. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. The Laos government, through attorney Colin M. Thompson, filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao . "Last month, they the authorities told us they're going to . Vientiane became one of the most important settlements in the kingdom, and in 1563 it became the kingdom's capital. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. As the country opens up, with an increasing number of roads and bridges being built the tourist attractions are becoming more and more accessible. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. President Biden committed the United States to be the world's arsenal . The city of Vientiane is located on the Mekong River's bank near the Laos-Thailand border, and is the seat of the countrys national government. . Major religion Buddhism. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. These include the Presidential Palace and the National Assembly of Laos. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. You'll find yourself slowly won over by the easy charms of this evolving . Political power is centralized in the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. Zaisan Memorial,Ulan Bator,Mongolia. As a result, newly elected US president John F. Kennedy authorized the recruitment of ethnic minorities in Laos to participate in covert military operations against the spread of communism. [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Vientiane is a city steeped in legend and history. For example, Laotian music is dominated by its national musical instrument, the khaen, a type of bamboo mouth organ that has prehistoric origins. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. 500 BC - The Plain of Jars, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, dates from between 500 BC and 500 AD. Biggest Cities In Laos Vientiane . [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. The national carrier is Lao Airlines. The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. Calculating U.S. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. Only 4% of the country is arable land and a mere 0.3% used as permanent crop land,[120] the lowest percentage in the Greater Mekong Subregion. [169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. Very few of the Lao refugees, however, were willing to return voluntarily. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. The Lao Securities Exchange (LSX) began operations in 2011 with two stocks listed, both state-owned - the Banque Pour l'CommerceExterieur (BCEL), and the power generation arm of . The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid 16th century. It is evident throughout the country, expressed in language, temples and the arts and literature. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. The city's central river port location in a country relying heavily on its rivers for transportation and its surrounding hinterland of intensive rice cultivation have made Vientiane the major economic centre of Laos. [39] Laos never held any importance for France[40] other than as a buffer state between Thailand and the more economically important Annam and Tonkin. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. [53] In 1979, there were 50,000 PAVN troops stationed in Laos and as many as 6,000 civilian Vietnamese officials including 1,000 directly attached to the ministries in Vientiane. As of 2011[update], Nhn Dn ('The People') and the Xinhua News Agency are the only foreign media organisations permitted to open offices in Laosboth opened bureaus in Vientiane in 2011. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. Visiting Vientiane, Laos, elicits such a diversity of opinions from travelers, it's often hard . Laos does not have a well-developed capital market, although government policies increasingly support the formation of capital and free flow of financial resources. This slim paperback by Sam Brier and Phouphanomlack (Tee) Sangkhampone boasts an intuitive, sound-based way to learn the written Lao alphabet and sounds of the Lao language. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. [73] The officials were to participate in a ceremony to mark the liberation of the Plain of Jars from the former Royal Lao government forces. A new province, Xaisomboun province , was established on 13 December 2013. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a population of 6,492,228 in 2015. For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid-16th century. 900-1300 AD - Most of Laos is subordinate to the Khmer Empire at Angkor. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. 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